Scientists had been experimenting with rockets for years. Most of the early rockets were not powerful enough to blast into obit. That soon changed.
Sputnik II
was the first human-made satellite to orbit the earth. The Soviet
Union blasted it into orbit on October 4, 1957. One month later the Soviets
sent up Sputnik II with the first living creature aboard a space
craft.
Laika the Dog was the first living thing ever to journey out
into space. As she orbited the earth, she made history.
Unfortunately, there was no return trip for Sputnik II or for Laika. Hers,
though, was the bark heard 'round the world. The race for space
was on! The next stop would be the moon.